Apparatus for generating ozone, oxygen, hydrogen, and/or other products of the electrolysis of water

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to an apparatus for generating ozone, oxygen, hydrogen, and/or other products of water electrolysis, having an electrolyte cell that can be acted upon by water, the water being delivered and carried away in a supply line communicating with the electrolyte cell, wherein a bypass line is embodied around the supply line, and the electrolyte cell can be connected via the bypass line to the supply line and subjected to water from the supply line, and a valve engaging the supply line and the bypass line is provided, and by means of the valve, the supply line and the bypass line can be opened and/or closed.

[0001] The invention relates to an apparatus for generating ozone, oxygen, hydrogen, and/or other products of water electrolysis, having an electrolyte cell that can be acted upon by water, the water being delivered and carried away in a supply line communicating with the electrolyte cell.

[0002] In terms of the invention, the term “water” that is delivered to the electrolyte cell is understood to be in particular filly desalinated water, pure water or superpure water, of the quality used for instance in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry, the electronics and semiconductor industry, and medical technology.

[0003] Apparatuses of the type defined at the outset, in which preferably ozone and/or oxygen are generated by means of an electrolyte cell in water, are known in many forms, of which purely as an example, German Patent Disclosure DE 196 06 606 A1/U.S. Pat. No. 5,779,865 will be cited here. Such apparatuses are used for instance to inoculate the supplied water with ozone, in order to make the water usable for instance for applications in medical technology, such as hemodialysis, and so forth. Flow rates of 1 to 3 m³/h of water, for instance, are inoculated with the ozone generated in the electrolyte cell in a manner known per se.

[0004] In the operation of such electrolyte cells, however, regular maintenance is necessary, which in the prior art apparatuses always necessitated a complicated detachment of the electrolyte cell from the supply line for the water, so that the further flow of water through the supply line also had to be disrupted for the duration of the maintenance work.

[0005] The object of the invention is therefore to refine an apparatus of this generic type such that maintenance of the electrolyte cell can be performed without major assembly work, and in which moreover the flow of water through the supply line can be maintained unhindered.

[0006] For attaining this object, it is proposed according to the invention that a bypass line is embodied around the supply line, and the electrolyte cell can be connected via the bypass line to the supply line and subjected to water from the supply line, and a valve engaging the supply line and the bypass line is provided, and by means of the valve, the supply line and the bypass line can be opened and/or closed.

[0007] According to the invention, the electrolyte cell is thus supplied with water which is diverted from the supply line via the bypass line and which, after the generation of ozone and/or oxygen in the water, is returned again to the main stream in the supply line, so that the desired inoculation (enrichment) of the water with the applicable quantity of ozone is made possible. If maintenance or an interruption in operation of the electrolyte cell becomes necessary, all that is required is that the bypass line be interrupted; an unhindered further flow of water through the supply line can be maintained.

[0008] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the valve is embodied as a conical stopcock with a housing and a stopcock plug that is rotatable about its longitudinal axis, and the stopcock plug penetrates the supply line and the bypass line and, as a function of the rotary position of the stopcock plug, has various switching positions for opening or closing the supply line and/or the bypass line.

[0009] Valves embodied as a conical stopcock are known. According to the invention, only a single valve, which structurally inexpensive and requires little space, is used; by the simultaneous action of the stopcock plug on the supply line and the bypass line, by actuation of the single valve, various switching positions that are advantageous for the apparatus of the invention are attained.

[0010] In a refinement of the invention, it is proposed that the housing has a through conduit for the supply line and bypass conduits for the bypass line and also has a recess, penetrating the supply line and the bypass line, which recess receives the stopcock plug, and the stopcock plug has a through bore and conduits spaced apart from the through bore, and the through bore and the conduits extend transversely to the longitudinal axis of the stopcock plug, and as a function of the rotary position of the stopcock plug, the through bore of the stopcock plug can be made to communicate with the through conduit of the housing, and the conduits of the stopcock plug can be made to communicate with the bypass conduits of the housing.

[0011] According to the invention, a first switching position is made possible, in which the supply line and the bypass line are opened; this corresponds to an operative position in which the electrolyte cell is supplied with water via the bypass line, and through the processes proceeding there, ozone and/or oxygen is generated, which is then introduced into the main stream of water carried via the supply line. In the second switching position, according to the invention, of the valve, both the supply line and the bypass line are closed, which can be utilized for instance to block off the supply line. In a third switching position, according to the invention, of the valve, only the supply line is opened, while the bypass line is closed, making assembly and maintenance of the electrolyte cell possible without having to interrupt the unhindered flow of water through the supply line.

[0012] The valve can be actuated in manifold ways; manual actuation with a handle is considered advantageous. Automated actuation of the valve can equally be provided, by means of suitable rotary drive mechanisms. In one proposal of the invention, it is provided that the stopcock plug protrudes at its upper end past the housing and is equipped with a handle for manual actuation.

[0013] If the valve is actuated manually, the handle can be locked in the various switching positions of the valve by means of a suitable detent mechanism, so that the switching positions can always be precisely found. For instance, the individual switching positions of the valve can be looked for each time by means of a 90° rotation of the stopcock plug about its longitudinal axis and of the handle of the valve acting on the stopcock plug; these 90° increments can be adhered to exactly because of the detent means, as will be described in detail hereinafter.

[0014] Means for detecting the switching position of the valve which are capable of sending the switching position on to a control unit of the electrolyte cell can also be provided.

[0015] In a refinement of the invention, it is proposed that the stopcock plug, on its lower end opposite the end equipped with the handle, has a connection flange for securing the electrolyte cell.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the valve, it is provided that the stopcock plug, on its lower end, has an open recess, which serves as a reservoir chamber for the water, and the conduits of the stopcock plug discharge into the reservoir chamber, and the reservoir chamber forms a portion of the bypass line inside the stopcock plug.

[0017] Thus the electrolyte cell is secured simply to the stopcock plug of the valve, and the reservoir chamber that is open toward the connection flange is supplied with water from the bypass line, and the reservoir chamber of the stopcock plug communicates with the electrolyte cell. This reservoir chamber thus serves to deliver the water to the electrolyte cell, in order to bring about the desired generation of ozone and/or oxygen in it, and because of the reservoir chamber, an adequate quantity of water can always be kept in reserve for the electrolyte cell. The reservoir chamber preferably forms a portion of the bypass line; that is, the water carried through the bypass line flows through it.

[0018] To that end, it is provided according to the invention that the bypass line is embodied inside the housing with a first bypass conduit, which branches off from the through conduit in the region of the inflowing water and extends as far as the recess that receives the stopcock plug, and with a second bypass conduit, which branches off from the through conduit in the region of the outflowing water and which also extends as far as the recess that receives the stopcock plug, and the stopcock plug, beginning at its circumference, is embodied with the conduit for the inflow of the water into the reservoir chamber and with the conduit for the outflow of the water from the reservoir chamber as far as the circumference of the stopcock plug, and depending on the switching position of the valve in accordance with the rotary position of the stopcock plug about its longitudinal axis, the bypass conduits of the housing communicate with the conduits of the stopcock plug, thus forming the bypass line.

[0019] In a preferred version, it is provided that the conduit serving the purpose of the outflow of water from the reservoir chamber leads away from the uppermost point of the reservoir chamber, and the conduit embodied for the inflow of water into the reservoir chamber enters the reservoir chamber in the middle region thereof.

[0020] The bypass line is preferably, like the supply line, embodied inside the housing of the valve. The bypass line includes one portion for the inflow of water in the direction of the electrolyte cell and one portion for the outflow of the water, enriched with ozone and/or oxygen, from the electrolyte cell, and these portions each communicate with different circumferential regions of the stopcock plug, depending on the position of the stopcock plug. The stopcock plug, in turn, accordingly has one conduit for the inflow of water to the electrolyte cell and for communication with one portion of the bypass line in the housing, and a further conduit for the outflow of the water from the electrolyte cell and for communication with the further bypass conduit in the housing, and also has a reservoir chamber which connects the two conduits of the stopcock plug and is embodied in the stopcock plug. The reservoir chamber of the stopcock plug communicates directly with the electrolyte cell, and the water from the reservoir chamber acts directly upon the anode of the electrolyte cell.

[0021] The electrolyte cell can have a structure known per se, for instance as described in DE 196 06 606 A1. According to the invention, a multi-part structure is preferred, with a solid-state electrolyte membrane disposed between an anode and a cathode, and the anode is in contact with the water introduced into the reservoir chamber of the stopcock plug.

[0022] In a refinement of the apparatus of the invention, it is also provided that leading away from the bypass line, which returns from the electrolyte cell to the supply line for the outflowing water, is a branch line which extends out of the housing. By means of this branch line, water enriched with ozone and/or oxygen can be diverted.

[0023] The invention will be described below in further detail in terms of an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. Shown are:

[0024]FIG. 1a, the front view of an apparatus for generating ozone, oxygen, hydrogen, with a valve and an electrolyte cell;

[0025]FIG. 1b, the back view of the apparatus of FIG. 1a;

[0026]FIG. 1c, the plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 1a;

[0027]FIG. 2, the cross section CC through the apparatus of FIGS. 1a through 1 c in the operative position, with both the supply line and the passable bypass line open;

[0028]FIG. 3, the cross section through the apparatus of FIG. 2, but with the stopcock plug rotated 90° about its longitudinal axis, and with the supply line and the bypass line interrupted or in other words closed;

[0029]FIG. 4, the cross section through the apparatus of FIG. 2, but with the stopcock plug rotated 180° about its longitudinal axis, and with the supply line open and the bypass line interrupted or in other words closed.

[0030] In FIGS. 1a through 1 c, the structure of an apparatus according to the invention for generating ozone, oxygen, hydrogen and/or other products of the electrolysis of water is shown. The apparatus includes a valve 1, which is accommodated in a housing 3, and the housing 3 is in turn secured in a mount 33. A handle 10 is disposed on the upper end of the valve 1, that is, the end protruding from the housing 3, and with this handle the valve 1 can be rotated about its longitudinal axis M2 in order to attain various switching positions. The supply line is connected by its inlet Z to the housing 3 and is extended away from the housing 3 via the outlet A. On the underside, the valve 1 protrudes out of the housing 3 with a connection flange 110, to which the electrolyte cell 2 is secured. The water is delivered in the direction P1 via the supply line V and through the housing 3 and the valve 1 reaches the electrolyte cell 2 and from there reaches the outlet A and is carried away in the direction of the arrow P2.

[0031] In FIG. 2, the apparatus is shown in the vertical section CC of FIG. 1c in one exemplary embodiment.

[0032] The apparatus includes a housing 3, which along a horizontally extending longitudinal axis Ml has the through conduit 30 for the water; the through conduit 30 forms one part of the supply line V. The through conduit 30 is adjoined on one side by the inlet line Z and on the opposite side by the outlet line A. The through conduit 30, inlet line Z and outlet line A form the supply line V, through which the water is delivered in the direction of the arrow P1 and is carried away in the direction of the arrow P2. The supply line is embodied as a ring line, for instance, and leads to the devices to be supplied with the water enriched with ozone and/or oxygen. The apparatus further includes the valve 1, embodied as a conical stopcock with a stopcock plug 11, and the stopcock plug 11 is disposed in the recess 39 of the housing 3; this recess penetrates the housing 3 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis M1 of the through conduit 30. The housing 3 simultaneously acts as the stopcock body for the valve 1 embodied as a conical stopcock. The longitudinal axis M2 of the stopcock plug 1 extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis M1 of the through conduit 30 in the housing 3. With its upper end, the stopcock plug 11 protrudes past the housing 3, and with its lower end it also protrudes out of the recess 39 of the housing 3; a protruding connection flange 110 is embodied on the lower end of the stopcock plug 11.

[0033] The stopcock plug 11 is furthermore embodied with a through bore 17, which is disposed approximately in the middle region and extends transversely to the longitudinal axis M2 of the stopcock plug 11 and is axially parallel to the through conduit 30 of the housing 3. The center axis M3 of the through bore 11 is therefore in the same plane as the of the through conduit 30 of the housing 3. The stopcock plug 11 is furthermore equipped, on its upper end protruding out of the housing 3, with a lever or handle 10. With the handle 10, the stopcock plug 11 can be rotated about its longitudinal axis M2 in the housing 3. The opposite end of the stopcock plug 11 from the handle 10 has the protruding connection flange 110 on its face end. Beginning at the face end having the connection flange 110, a recess 18 in the stopcock plug 11 is formed, on the order of a funnel, which acts as a reservoir chamber 18 for the water. Conduits 180, 181 lead away from the recess 18; in terms of the sectional plane, they are embodied on opposite sides of the recess 18. The conduits 180, 181 extend essentially transversely to the longitudinal axis M2 of the stopcock plug 11 and extend through as far as the outer circumference of the stopcock plug. One conduit 181, which serves as an outlet conduit for the outflow of the water enriched with ozone and/or oxygen from the reservoir into the supply line, originates at the lowest region of the recess 18, or in other words the highest point, while the other conduit 180, which serves to provide the inflow of water from the supply line into the reservoir, is embodied approximately in a middle region of the recess 18. The conduits 180 and 181 are embodied in the stopcock plug in the region between the through bore 17 and the connection flange 110. The stopcock plug is sealed off from the recess 39 in the housing by means of sealing rings 37.

[0034] The electrolyte cell is secured to the connection flange 110 of the stopcock plug 11, for instance by being screwed to it. The electrolyte cell 2 for generating ozone and/or oxygen in the water has a multi-part structure, known per se, and as its essential components, it includes an anode holder 20 for mounting an anode 21 and yoke body 24 for mounting a cathode 23, and these are screwed together. The anode holder 20 is platelike and is embodied with a plurality of perforations 26 in the middle region. Between the anode 21 and the cathode 23, a solid-state electrolyte membrane 22 is provided, which brings about the desired generation of ozone and/or oxygen in the water, when the electrolyte cell 2 is connected to a source of electrical voltage. The yoke body 24 is provided on the outside with a cathode covering 28. The bores 27 a and 27 b, through which the voltage source, not shown, for the electrolyte cell 2 can be connected by a respective lead line to the anode holder 20 and the yoke body 24 for the cathode 23, extend through the cathode covering 28. A connection screw fastening 25 can also be seen, by way of which upon electrolysis in the electrolyte cell 2, hydrogen, for instance, that is produced can be carried away. The electrolyte cell 2 is screwed by the anode holder 20 to the connection flange 110 of the stopcock plug 11. The solid-state electrolyte membrane 22 communicates, via the anode 21 and the perforations 26 in the anode holder 20, with the reservoir chamber 28 of the stopcock plug 11, that is, with the water located in the reservoir chamber 18. The electrolyte cell is thus subjected to water from the reservoir chamber 18.

[0035] For delivering the water, arriving in the housing 3 in the direction of the arrow P1, to the electrolyte cell 2, a bypass line is embodied inside the housing 3, bypassing the through conduit 30 for the water, which forms the supply line. The bypass line includes a bypass conduit 31, which branches off from the through conduit 30 of the housing 3 adjacent to the inlet line Z and which extends as far as the recess 39 in the housing 3, in which recess the stopcock plug 11 is seated, and a further bypass conduit 32, which branches off from the through conduit 30 near the outlet line A and likewise extends to the recess 39, receiving the stopcock plug 11, of the housing 3. The bypass conduit 32 embodied for the outflow of the water is embodied in the flow direction P1 of the water by the supply line downstream of the stopcock plug 11, and the bypass conduit 31 embodied for the inflow of the water is embodied in the flow direction P1 of the water by the supply line upstream of the stopcock plug 11.

[0036] In the position of the valve shown in FIG. 2, the bypass line is passable, that is, open. The bypass line is formed here by the bypass conduit 31, beginning at the through conduit 30; the conduit 180 of the stopcock plug; the reservoir chamber 18 of the stopcock plug; the conduit 181, branching off from the uppermost region of the stopcock plug; and the bypass conduit 32, communicating with it, which again discharges into the through conduit 30. The discharge points of the bypass conduits 31 and 32 into the recess 39, in which the stopcock plug 11 is seated, are disposed such that they can communicate with the inlets and outlets of the conduits 180 and 181 of the stopcock plug that lead to the reservoir chamber 18, as FIG. 2 shows. The water diverted from the supply line and the through conduit 30 now flows in the direction of the arrow P1′ through the bypass line and reaches the reservoir chamber 18, from where it enters into contact with the connected electrolyte cell 2. The ozone and/or oxygen thus produced rises through the water in the reservoir 18 to the uppermost point, where together with water it is re-introduced through the conduit 181 and the bypass conduit 32 into the through conduit 30 in the direction of the arrow P2′ and into the supply line, and can now be carried in the direction of the arrow P2 to the desired devices.

[0037] To maintain the flow in the directions P1, P2 in the supply line V, a pump, not shown here, and assigned to the supply line is provided.

[0038] The water delivered to the housing 3 in the supply line V in the direction of the arrow P1 is delivered to the electrolyte cell 2 by being diverted from the supply line V of the bypass line, and after enrichment with ozone and/or oxygen, it is returned to the supply line again in a circulatory system.

[0039] Accordingly, the bypass line is formed by the bypass conduit 31 in the housing 3; the inlet conduit 180 of the stopcock plug; the reservoir chamber 18; the outlet conduit 180 of the stopcock plug; and the bypass conduit 32 in the housing leading to the through conduit 30. Water is thus diverted from the supply line via the bypass conduit 31 and, after inoculation with ozone and/or oxygen, is returned again via the bypass conduit 32 to the through conduit 30 and the supply line V.

[0040] In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the switching position of the valve and the stopcock plug 11 is shown in which water is continuously enriched by the apparatus with ozone and/or oxygen generated in the electrolyte cell 2. This is the normal operation when the valve is open, which will be called the first switching position.

[0041] For interrupting the bypass line 31, 180, 18, 181, 32 or for interrupting the through conduit 30, the position of the stopcock plug 11 in the housing 3 must be changed by rotating the stopcock plug about its longitudinal axis M2. To change the switching positions, the stopcock plug 11 is supported rotatably about its longitudinal axis M2 in the housing 3. A first, lower cam disk 15 is therefore placed over the upper end, protruding from the housing 3, of the stopcock plug 11, and over this disk a second, upper cam disk 14 is placed, and they are screwed to the housing 3 by a cap nut 13 counter to the pressure of a compression spring 12 disposed over them. The stopcock plug 11 is thus secured rotatably about its longitudinal axis M2. For manual actuation of the stopcock plug, a handle 10 is provided, which is solidly connected to the upper and lower cam disks 14, 15 via screws 150.

[0042] If the handle 10 in the position of FIG. 2 is now rotated by 90°, and the stopcock plug 11 is thus also rotated 90° about its longitudinal axis M2, the operating position of FIG. 3 is reached. FIG. 3 shows the valve 1 in the closed position; that is, the through conduit 30 is interrupted, and the bypass line is also interrupted; in other words, the conduits 180 and 181 no longer communicate with the bypass conduits 31, 32 of the housing 3.

[0043] If the handle 10 of FIG. 3 is now rotated 180°, and thus the stopcock plug 11 is also rotated 180° about its longitudinal axis M2, the third switching position is obtained, which is the position shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 4 shows the valve in the open position; that is, the through conduit 30 is open, and the water can flow through the supply line V through the housing 3 and the valve in the direction of the arrows P1, P2. However, the bypass line is interrupted; that is, no water can be diverted via the bypass line 31, since the bypass line in the region of the stopcock plug 11 is interrupted and closed.

[0044] When the valve is open, the through bore 17 of the stopcock plug 11 is oriented such that with its longitudinal axis M2, it is aligned with the longitudinal axis Ml of the through conduit 30, and a flow of the water through the through conduit 30 of the supply line V in the direction of the arrows P1 and P2 is made possible.

[0045] In this third switching position in FIG. 4, however, the bypass line is interrupted, since the inlet conduit 180 and outlet conduit 181 of the stopcock plug 11 no longer communicate with the bypass conduit 31 and the bypass conduit 32, respectively. The bypass line extended via the reservoir chamber 18 is interrupted in FIG. 4, and consequently the electrolyte cell 2 is no longer acted upon by water. In this switching position of FIG. 4, a flow of the water through the through conduit 30 of the supply line is thus made possible without hindrance, as before, but the electrolyte cell 2 is sealed off from subjection to water via the bypass line, so that maintenance work can for instance be performed on the electrolyte cell 2, without there being an escape of water from the supply line.

[0046] In FIG. 3, a second switching position is shown, located between the switching positions of FIGS. 2 and 4, and in it the stopcock plug 11 is rotated 90° each (to the right or the left) compared to the switching positions of FIGS. 2 and 4. In this switching position shown, not only is the bypass line between the bypass conduit 31 and the bypass conduit 32 interrupted, but the through bore 17 of the stopcock plug, which is associated with the through conduit 30 of the supply line, also extends transversely to the longitudinal axis M1 of this through conduit, so that no flow of water through the through conduit 30 of the supply line is made possible. In this switching position shown in FIG. 3, accordingly both the flow of water through the through conduit 30 of the supply line and the flow of water through the bypass line are interrupted, so that the entire apparatus is put out of operation.

[0047] The various switching positions explained above, which can all be reached successively by respective 90° rotations of the stopcock plug 11 about its longitudinal axis M2, are also characterized by a detent mechanism, so that the handle 10 for actuating the stopcock plug 11 snaps into each of the switching positions shown. To that end, the lower cam disk 15 is provided with a total of four bores 155, located on a common circle and each forming a 90° angle, into which detent balls 16 loaded with springs 16 a snap when a desired switching position is reached. The spring-loaded balls 16 are for that purpose placed at the top in the housing 3 in suitable blind bores 16 b. In addition, switching devices, not shown here, may also be provided, such as microswitches, which detect the particular switching position of the valve 1 activated at the time and which can report on to the controller of the electrolyte cell 2, so that the electrolyte cell 2 can be subjected to electrical voltage or not, as a function of the switching position of the valve 1, for instance.

[0048] A branch line 4 is also provided—see the drawings—which originates at the bypass conduit 32. In the bypass conduit 32, the water enriched with ozone and/or oxygen is returned to the supply line again. It is thus possible at this point for water enriched with ozone and/or oxygen to be diverted from the bypass conduit 32 and directed to some other use than the supply line V.

[0049] The branch line 4 leads from the bypass conduit 32 through the housing 3 and ends in a connection 40—see FIG. 1b—for a line, not shown, with a small diversion pump. From the connection 40, water with ozone and/or oxygen, carried away via the branch line 4, is delivered for instance to a buffer tank or a sterilizer. Even if the supply line V is shut off, it is possible for water enriched with ozone and/or oxygen to be drawn from the branch line 4 by means of a branch pump.

[0050] The entire apparatus can be secured universally, for instance, to an underlying support or a wall in the desired installed position by means of a framelike mount 33 screwed to the housing 3.

[0051] With the apparatus of the invention, it is possible in particular for fully desalinated water, pure water or superpure water, or other water qualities, depending on the type of electrolyte cell used, to be treated for instance for applications in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, electronics or semiconductor industry as well as medical technology. Applications for process water, drinking water, water for industrial or household use, and waste water are also conceivable. 

1. An apparatus for generating ozone, oxygen, hydrogen, and/or other products of the electrolysis of water, having an electrolyte cell that can be acted upon by water, the water being delivered and carried away in a supply line communicating with the electrolyte cell, characterized in that a bypass line is embodied around the supply line, and the electrolyte cell can be connected via the bypass line to the supply line and subjected to water from the supply line, and a valve engaging the supply line and the bypass line is provided, and by means of the valve, the supply line and the bypass line can be opened and/or closed.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that the valve (1) is embodied as a conical stopcock with a housing (3) and a stopcock plug (11) that is rotatable about its longitudinal axis (M2), and the stopcock plug (11) penetrates the supply line and the bypass line and, as a function of the rotary position of the stopcock plug (11), has various switching positions for opening or closing the supply line and/or the bypass line.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the housing (3) has a through conduit (30) for the supply line and bypass conduits (31, 32) for the bypass line and also has a recess (39), penetrating the supply line and the bypass line, which recess receives the stopcock plug (11), and the stopcock plug (11) has a through bore (17) and conduits (180, 181) spaced apart from the through bore, and the through bore (17) and the conduits (180, 181) extend transversely to the longitudinal axis (M2) of the stopcock plug (11), and as a function of the rotary position of the stopcock plug (11), the through bore (17) of the stopcock plug (11) can be made to communicate with the through conduit (30) of the housing, and the conduits (180, 181) of the stopcock plug (11) can be made to communicate with the bypass conduits (31, 32) of the housing.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in a first switching position of the valve, the supply line and the bypass line are opened; in a second switching position of the valve, the supply line and the bypass line are closed; and in a third switching position of the valve, the supply line is opened and the bypass line is closed.
 5. The apparatus of one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the stopcock plug (11) protrudes at its upper end past the housing and is equipped with a handle (10) for manual actuation.
 6. The apparatus of claim 5, characterized in that the handle (10) of the valve can be locked in the various rotary positions that correspond to the various switching positions of the valve.
 7. The apparatus of one of claims 1-6, characterized in that means are provided for detecting the switching position of the valve and sending it to a control unit.
 8. The apparatus of one of claims 2-7, characterized in that the stopcock plug (11), on its lower end opposite the end equipped with the handle, has a connection flange (110) for securing the electrolyte cell.
 9. The apparatus of one of claims 2-8, characterized in that the stopcock plug (11), on its lower end, has an open recess (18), which serves as a reservoir chamber (18) for the water, and the conduits (180, 181) of the stopcock plug (11) discharge into the reservoir chamber (18), and the reservoir chamber (18) forms a portion of the bypass line inside the stopcock plug (11).
 10. The apparatus of one of claims 2-8, characterized in that the bypass line is embodied inside the housing (3) with a first bypass conduit (31), which branches off from the through conduit (30) in the region of the inflowing water and extends as far as the recess (39) that receives the stopcock plug (11), and with a second bypass conduit (32), which branches off from the through conduit (30) in the region of the outflowing water and which also extends as far as the recess (39) that receives the stopcock plug (11), and the stopcock plug (11), beginning at its circumference, is embodied with the conduit (180) for the inflow of the water into the reservoir chamber (18) and with the conduit (181) for the outflow of the water from the reservoir chamber (18) as far as the circumference of the stopcock plug, and depending on the switching position of the valve (1) in accordance with the rotary position of the stopcock plug (11) about its longitudinal axis (M2), the bypass conduits (31, 32) of the housing (3) communicate with the conduits (180, 181) of the stopcock plug (11), thus forming the bypass line.
 11. The apparatus of one of claims 2-10, characterized in that the conduit (181) serving the purpose of the outflow of water from the reservoir chamber (18) leads away from the uppermost point of the reservoir chamber (18), and the conduit (180) embodied for the inflow of water into the reservoir chamber (18) enters the reservoir chamber (18) in the middle region thereof.
 12. The apparatus of one of claims 1-11, characterized in that from the bypass line, which leads from the electrolyte cell (2) to the supply line for the outflowing water, a branch line (4) leads away and is extended out of the housing (3).
 13. The apparatus of one of claims 1-12, characterized in that the electrolyte cell (2) has a multi-part structure, with a solid-state electrolyte membrane (22) disposed between an anode (21) and a cathode (23), and the anode (21) is in contact with the water introduced into the reservoir chamber (18) of the stopcock plug (11). 